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一、过去一般时(Simple Past)核心功能:描述已完成的单一动作、过去习惯、历史事实结构规则:
肯定句:动词过去式(规则动词加-ed,不规则需单独记忆)否定句:did not (didn't) + 动词原形疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形?三大经典场景与例句:
明确结束的过去动作(常搭配具体时间)She watched a movie last night.(昨晚她看了一部电影→动作已结束)过去的习惯性行为(可与频度副词连用)He always rode a bike to school when he was young.(少年时他总是骑车上学)历史客观事件World War II ended in 1945.(二战1945年结束)⚠️ 动词变形重点:
规则动词:work → worked,study → studied(辅音+y结尾变y为i)高频不规则动词:go → went,see → saw,eat → ate,do → did二、过去进行时(Past Continuous)核心功能:强调过去特定时刻正在持续的动作、背景描述、被打断动作结构规则:
肯定句:was/were + 现在分词(-ing)否定句:was/were not + 现在分词疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词?三大应用场景与例句:
过去某一时刻正在发生的动作At 8 PM yesterday, I was cooking dinner.(昨晚8点我正在做饭)为另一动作提供背景(常与when/while引导的过去一般时连用)While I was walking in the park, I met an old friend.(散步时偶遇老友)并列进行的持续动作She was reading while her brother was playing games.(兄妹同时进行不同活动)与过去一般时对比:
过去一般时:He broke the vase.(打破花瓶→结果已发生)
过去进行时:He was cleaning when he broke it.(打扫过程中意外打破)
→ 进行时强调动作的持续性与过程性
三、过去完成时(Past Perfect)核心功能:表达'过去的过去'——先于另一过去动作完成的动作结构规则:
肯定句:had + 过去分词否定句:had not (hadn't) + 过去分词疑问句:Had + 主语 + 过去分词?三大应用场景与例句:
过去某时间前已完成的动作(时间轴先后)By the time I arrived, the train had left.(我到时火车已开走→'离开'发生在'到达'之前)因果逻辑(过去动作导致后续结果)He was tired because he had worked for 12 hours.(疲倦是因之前连续工作)与过去愿望相反的虚拟语气I wish I had studied harder.(但愿当初更努力→对过去的遗憾)⏰ 标志性时间状语:
By/before + 过去时间:by 2020, before last MondayWhen/after + 过去动作:When I called, he had already left❗️ 黄金法则:过去完成时必须与另一过去动作或时间参照共存
✘ She had finished her homework.(× 缺少参照点)
✔ She had finished her homework before dinner.(√ 补充时间参照)
四、三大时态联动实战同一事件中的时态协作:
When the phone rang (过去一般时),I was taking (过去进行时) a shower.I had forgotten (过去完成时) to charge it yesterday,so it died (过去一般时) immediately.(电话响起时我正在洗澡,因昨天忘记充电,它立刻关机了)时态逻辑链:
忘记充电(had forgotten)先于其他动作洗澡进行中(was taking)时电话响(rang)关机(died)是最终结果五、高频易错点突破过去完成时滥用:无参照点时勿用:✘ I had eaten breakfast at 7 AM.(孤立动作) → ✔ I ate breakfast at 7 AM.进行时动词限制:状态动词(know, love, believe)无进行时:✘ She was believing his story. → ✔ She believed his story.when/while混淆:when + 短暂动作(一般时):When he knocked, I opened the door.while + 持续动作(进行时):While I was cooking, he watched TV.终极口诀:过去一般:动作已结束,-ed或不规则;过去进行:持续进行中,was/were加-ing;过去完成:过去的过去,had加过分词!
附:自测指南
◉ 问单一动作 → 过去一般时(He moved to London last year)
◉ 问过去某刻正在做 → 过去进行时(At 9 PM, I was sleeping)
◉ 问'过去的过去' → 过去完成时(The show had started when I arrived)
掌握时间轴逻辑+场景化训练,过去时态难题迎刃而解!
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